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- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
- Map references:
- Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe
- Area:
- total area:
- 25,333 sq km
- land area:
- 24,856 sq km
- comparative area:
- slightly larger than Vermont
- Land boundaries:
- total 748 km, Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148 km, Greece 228 km, Serbia and
- Montenegro 221 km (all with Serbia)
- Coastline:
- 0 km (landlocked)
- Maritime claims:
- none; landlocked
- International disputes:
- dispute with Greece over name, symbols, and certain constitutional
- provisions
- Climate:
- hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
- Terrain:
- mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; there are three
- large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar
- River
- Natural resources:
- chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore,
- asbestos, sulphur, timber
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 5%
- permanent crops:
- 5%
- meadows and pastures:
- 20%
- forest and woodland:
- 30%
- other:
- 40%
- Irrigated land:
- NA sq km
- Environment:
- current issues:
- air pollution from metallurgical plants
- natural hazards:
- high seismic risks
- international agreements:
- party to - Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
- Note:
- landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to
- Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 2,159,503 (July 1995 est.)
- note:
- the Macedonian government census of July 1994 put the population at 1.94
- million, but ethnic allocations were likely undercounted
- Age structure:
- 0-14 years:
- 25% (female 257,876; male 277,314)
- 15-64 years:
- 67% (female 711,810; male 733,903)
- 65 years and over:
- 8% (female 97,475; male 81,125) (July 1995 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 0.9% (1995 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 15.82 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Death rate:
- 6.7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- -0.14 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 24.2 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 74 years
- male:
- 71.87 years
- female:
- 76.3 years (1995 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 2.02 children born/woman (1995 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Macedonian(s)
- adjective:
- Macedonian
- Ethnic divisions:
- Macedonian 65%, Albanian 22%, Turkish 4%, Serb 2%, Gypsies 3%, other 4%
- Religions:
- Eastern Orthodox 67%, Muslim 30%, other 3%
- Languages:
- Macedonian 70%, Albanian 21%, Turkish 3%, Serbo-Croatian 3%, other 3%
- Literacy:
- NA%
- Labor force:
- 591,773 (June 1994)
- by occupation:
- manufacturing and mining 40% (1992)
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
- conventional short form:
- none
- local long form:
- Republika Makedonija
- local short form:
- Makedonija
- Abbreviation:
- F.Y.R.O.M.
- Digraph:
- MK
- Type:
- emerging democracy
- Capital:
- Skopje
- Administrative divisions:
- 34 counties (opstinas, singular - opstina) Berovo, Bitola, Brod, Debar,
- Delcevo, Gevgelija, Gostivar, Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kocani, Kratovo, Kriva
- Palanka, Krusevo, Kumanovo, Murgasevo, Negotino, Ohrid, Prilep, Probistip,
- Radovis, Resen, Skopje-Centar, Skopje-Cair, Skopje-Karpos, Skopje-Kisela
- Voda, Skopje-Gazi Baba, Stip, Struga, Strumica, Sveti Nikole, Tetovo, Titov
- Veles, Valandovo, Vinica
- Independence:
- 17 September 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
- National holiday:
- 8 September
- Constitution:
- adopted 17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991
- Legal system:
- based on civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
- Suffrage:
- 18 years of age; universal
- Executive branch:
- chief of state:
- President Kiro GLIGOROV (since 27 January 1991); election last held 16
- October 1994 (next to be held NA 1997); results - Kiro GLIGOROV was elected
- by the Assembly in 1991; reelected by popular vote in 1994
- head of government:
- Prime Minister Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 4 September 1992)
- cabinet:
- Council of Ministers; elected by the majority vote of all the deputies in
- the Sobranje
- Legislative branch:
- unicameral
- Assembly (Sobranje):
- elections last held 16 and 30 October 1994 (next to be held November 1998);
- results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (120 total) seats by party NA
- Judicial branch:
- Constitutional Court, Judicial Court of the Republic
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
- Government
- Political parties and leaders:
- Social-Democratic Alliance of Macedonia (SDSM; former Communist Party),
- Branko CRVENKOVSKI, president; Party for Democratic Prosperity (PDP); note -
- two factions competing for party name; one faction is led by Abdurahman
- HALITI and the other faction is led by Arber XHAFFERI; National Democratic
- Party (NDP), Ilijas HALINI, president; Alliance of Reform Forces of
- Macedonia - Liberal Party (SRSM-LP), Stojan ANDOV, president; Socialist
- Party of Macedonia (SPM), Kiro POPOVSKI, president; Internal Macedonian
- Revolutionary Organization - Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity
- (VMRO-DPMNE), Ljupco GEORGIEVSKI, president; Party of Yugoslavs in Macedonia
- (SJM), Milan DURCINOV, president; Democratic Party (DP), Petar GOSEV,
- president
- Other political or pressure groups:
- Movement for All Macedonian Action (MAAK); Democratic Party of Serbs;
- Democratic Party of Turks; Party for Democratic Action (Slavic Muslim)
- Member of:
- CCC, CE (guest), CEI, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF,
- IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, OSCE (observer), UN,
- UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- the US recognized The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia on 8 February
- 1994
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Victor D. COMRAS
- liaison office:
- ul. 27 Mart No. 5, 9100 Skopje
- mailing address:
- USLO Skopje, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-7120 (pouch)
- telephone:
- [389] (91) 116-180
- FAX:
- [389] (91) 117-103
- Flag:
- 16-point gold sun (Vergina, Sun) centered on a red field
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, although the poorest republic in
- the former Yugoslav federation, can meet basic food and energy needs through
- its own agricultural and coal resources. Its economic decline will continue
- unless ties are reforged or enlarged with its neighbors Serbia and
- Montenegro, Albania, Greece, and Bulgaria. The economy depends on outside
- sources for all of its oil and gas and most of its modern machinery and
- parts. An important supplement of GDP is the remittances from thousands of
- Macedonians working in Germany and other West European nations. Continued
- political turmoil, both internally and in the region as a whole, prevents
- any swift readjustments of trade patterns and economic programs. The
- country's industrial output and GDP are expected to decline further in 1995.
- The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia's geographical isolation,
- technological backwardness, and potential political instability place it far
- down the list of countries of interest to Western investors. Resolution of
- the dispute with Greece and an internal commitment to economic reform would
- encourage foreign investment over the long run. In the immediate future, the
- worst scenario for the economy would be the spread of fighting across its
- borders.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.9 billion (1994 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- -15% (1994 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $900 (1994 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 54% (1994)
- Unemployment rate:
- 30% (1993 est.)
- Budget:
- revenues:
- $NA
- expenditures:
- $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
- Exports:
- $1.06 billion (1993)
- commodities:
- manufactured goods 40%, machinery and transport equipment 14%, miscellaneous
- manufactured articles 23%, raw materials 7.6%, food (rice) and live animals
- 5.7%, beverages and tobacco 4.5%, chemicals 4.7% (1990)
- partners:
- principally Serbia and Montenegro and the other former Yugoslav republics,
- Germany, Greece, Albania
- Imports:
- $1.2 billion (1993)
- commodities:
- fuels and lubricants 19%, manufactured goods 18%, machinery and transport
- equipment 15%, food and live animals 14%, chemicals 11.4%, raw materials
- 10%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 8.0%, beverages and tobacco 3.5%
- (1990)
- partners:
- other former Yugoslav republics, Greece, Albania, Germany, Bulgaria
- External debt:
- $840 million (1992)
- Industrial production:
- growth rate -14% (1993)
- Electricity:
- capacity:
- 1,600,000 kW
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
- Economy
- production:
- NA kWh
- consumption per capita:
- NA kWh (1993)
- Industries:
- low levels of technology predominate, such as, oil refining by distillation
- only; produces basic liquid fuels, coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, and
- ferronickel; light industry produces basic textiles, wood products, and
- tobacco
- Agriculture:
- meets the basic needs for food; principal crops are rice, tobacco, wheat,
- corn, and millet; also grown are cotton, sesame, mulberry leaves, citrus
- fruit, and vegetables; agricultural production is highly labor intensive
- Illicit drugs:
- limited illicit opium cultivation; transshipment point for Southwest Asian
- heroin
- Economic aid:
- recipient:
- US $10 million (for humanitarian and technical assistance)
- EC promised a 100 ECU million economic aid package (1993)
- Currency:
- the denar, which was adopted by the Macedonian legislature 26 April 1992,
- was initially issued in the form of a coupon pegged to the German mark;
- subsequently repegged to a basket of seven currencies
- Exchange rates:
- denar per US$1 - 39 (November 1994), 865 (October 1992)
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
- Transportation
-
-
- Railroads:
- total:
- 922 km
- standard gauge:
- 922 km 1.435-m gauge (1994)
- Highways:
- total:
- 10,591 km
- paved:
- 5,091 km
- unpaved:
- gravel 1,404 km; earth 4,096 km (1991)
- Inland waterways:
- none, lake transport only
- Pipelines:
- none
- Ports:
- none
- Airports:
- total:
- 16
- with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
- 2
- with paved runways under 914 m:
- 11
- with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
- 1
- with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
- 2
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
- Communications
-
-
- Telephone system:
- 125,000 telephones
- local:
- NA
- intercity:
- NA
- international:
- no satellite links
- Radio:
- broadcast stations:
- AM 6, FM 2, shortwave 0
- radios:
- 370,000
- Television:
- broadcast stations:
- 5 (relays 2)
- televisions:
- 325,000
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Army, Police Force
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 585,403; males fit for military service 474,467; males reach
- military age (19) annually 19,693 (1995 est.)
- Defense expenditures:
- 7 billion denars, NA% of GNP (1993 est.); note - conversion of the military
- budget into US dollars using the prevailing exchange rate could produce
- misleading results
-